Reading and writing from native collections requires maintaining a delicate chain of dependencies.
Systems take dependencies in, and output them. Collections should not be accessed without relying on those dependencies.
Other exceptions may lead to dependency errors, so be careful to resolve the easiest ones first!
Errors thrown immediately after this error can be the root cause.
Feed the system's handle (state.Dependency) into the first thing that requires something complete before it runs.
Whatever receives a JobHandle should return its own, and you create a chain of these dependencies which must ultimately be set back to the system's handle.
If you are passing around a SystemState, make sure it's passed by ref so modifications to its dependency actually update across systems.
Ensure you don't use any properties of a native collection (like .Length) before you have waited on a dependency. In the case of an EntityQuery, you should use CalculateEntityCount to get the length of an array without requiring a dependency.
In some cases you can use a job interface like IJobParallelForDefer, which does not rely on Length being provided before execution.